医療従事者の為の最新医療ニュースや様々な情報・ツールを提供する医療総合サイト

BeiGene Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Financial Results

2023年02月27日 PM09:00
このエントリーをはてなブックマークに追加


 

BASEL, Switzerland & BEIJING & CAMBRIDGE, Mass.

BeiGene, Ltd. (NASDAQ: BGNE; HKEX: 06160; SSE: 688235), a global biotechnology company, today reported financial results for the fourth quarter and full year 2022, recent business highlights, and upcoming milestones.

“We had an outstanding fourth quarter and 2022, with revenues from our two cornerstone medicines, BRUKINSA® and tislelizumab, dramatically increasing as our global team continues to bring these innovative therapies to more patients and their caregivers,” said John V. Oyler, Co-Founder, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer at BeiGene. “The final progression-free survival (PFS) analysis of the ALPINE trial demonstrating superior efficacy and a favorable cardiac safety profile compared to IMBRUVICA® in relapsed/refractory (R/R) chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) or small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) and the recent U.S. FDA approval for BRUKINSA in adult patients with CLL/SLL were the most impactful of many recent milestones for our company and a testament to our commitment to following the science.”

“Our fourth quarter results continue to demonstrate BeiGene’s commercial capability as well as our commitment to driving operational and financial excellence,” said Julia Wang, Chief Financial Officer at BeiGene. “With our strong cash position and total product revenue reaching $1.3 billion in 2022, BeiGene is well positioned to leverage its global scale and financial strength for long-term growth.”

Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2022 Financial Results

Revenue for the fourth quarter and full year 2022 was $380.1 million and $1.4 billion, respectively, compared to $214.0 million and $1.2 billion in the prior-year periods. The increase in total revenue in the quarter compared to the prior year is primarily attributable to sales of our internally developed products, BRUKINSA and tislelizumab; sales of in-licensed products from Amgen; and collaboration revenue from the Novartis agreements.

  • Product revenues totaled $339.0 million and $1.3 billion for the fourth quarter and full year 2022, respectively, compared to $196.8 million and $634.0 million in the prior-year periods, and include:
    • Global sales of BRUKINSA of $176.1 million and $564.7 million for the fourth quarter and full year 2022, respectively, compared to $87.6 million and $218.0 million in the prior-year periods;
    • Sales of tislelizumab in China of $102.2 million and $422.9 million for the fourth quarter and full year 2022, respectively, compared to $54.4 million and $255.1 million in the prior-year periods;
    • Sales of Amgen in-licensed products in China of $27.7 million and $114.6 million for the fourth quarter and full year 2022, respectively, compared to $20.3 million and $58.8 million in the prior-year periods. We began selling Amgen’s BLINCYTO® (blinatumomab) in August 2021. Additionally, prior-year period sales do not include sales of KYPROLIS® (carfilzomib), which was launched in China in January 2022;
    • Sales of BMS in-licensed products in China of $21.4 million and $94.3 million for the fourth quarter and full year 2022, respectively, compared to $29.9 million and $89.7 million in the prior-year periods; and
  • Collaboration revenue totaled $41.1 million and $161.3 million for the fourth quarter and full year 2022, respectively, resulting from the partial recognition of the upfront payments from Novartis related to the tislelizumab and ociperlimab agreements, which were entered into in the first and fourth quarters of 2021. This compared to $17.2 million and $542.3 million in the prior-year periods. Full year 2021 collaboration revenue benefited from the timing of revenue recognition from the upfront license payment from Novartis under the tislelizumab agreement.

Cost of Sales for the fourth quarter and full year 2022 were $73.5 million and $286.5 million, respectively, compared to $48.5 million and $164.9 million in the prior-year periods. Cost of sales increased primarily due to increased product sales of BRUKINSA and tislelizumab, as well as sales of BLINCYTO, which commenced in August 2021, and KYPROLIS and POBEVCY®, which commenced in January 2022;

Gross Margin as a percentage of global product sales for the fourth quarter and full year 2022 was 78.3% and 77.2%, respectively, compared to 75.3% and 74.0% in the prior-year periods. The gross margin percentage increased in both the quarter-over-quarter and year-over year periods primarily due to a proportionally higher sales mix of global BRUKINSA sales compared to other products in our portfolio and compared to lower margin sales of in-licensed products, as well as lower costs per unit for both BRUKINSA and tislelizumab, partially offset by lower average selling prices in China for both BRUKINSA and tislelizumab.

Operating Expenses for the fourth quarter and full year 2022 were $775.2 million and $2.9 billion, respectively, compared to $737.2 million and $2.5 billion in the prior-year periods.

  • R&D Expenses for the fourth quarter and full year 2022 were $446.0 million and $1.6 billion, respectively, compared to $430.5 million and $1.5 billion in the prior-year periods. The increase in R&D expenses was primarily attributable to increases in headcount and costs related to investment in our discovery and development activities, including our continued efforts to internalize research and clinical development activities, partially offset by lower fees paid to clinical research organizations (CROs) for clinical trials. Upfront fees related to in-process R&D for in-licensed assets totaled $48.7 million and $68.7 million in the fourth quarter and full year 2022, respectively, compared to $30.0 million and $83.5 million in the prior-year periods. Employee share-based compensation expense was $35.0 million and $139.3 million for the fourth quarter and full year 2022, respectively, compared to $30.6 million and $114.4 million in the prior-year periods; and
  • SG&A Expenses for the fourth quarter and full year 2022 were $329.0 million and $1.3 billion, respectively, compared to $306.5 million and $990.1 million in the prior-year periods. The increase in SG&A expenses was primarily attributable to increased headcount, largely related to continued expansion of our commercial teams, and higher external commercial expenses, including market access studies and promotional activities. Employee share-based compensation expense was $43.2 million and $163.8 million for the fourth quarter and full year 2022, respectively, compared to $32.4 million and $126.4 million for the prior-year periods.

Net Loss for the fourth quarter of 2022 was $445.3 million, or $0.33 per share and $4.29 per ADS, compared to $590.7 million, or $0.48 per share and $6.22 per ADS in the prior year period. The decrease in net loss is primarily attributable to improved operating leverage due to growing product revenues exceeding operating expense growth. The company expects this trend to continue into 2023. Net loss for full year 2022 was $2.0 billion, or $1.49 per share and $19.43 per ADS, compared to $1.5 billion, or $1.21 per share and $15.71 per ADS in the prior-year period. Net loss for 2022 was unfavorably impacted by other non-operating expenses of $223.9 million, primarily related to foreign exchange losses resulting from the strengthening of the U.S. dollar and the revaluation impact of foreign currencies held in U.S. functional currency subsidiaries. Net loss for the full year 2021 was positively impacted by the timing of revenue recognition related to the Novartis tislelizumab collaboration agreement. The company recognized $484.6 million in the full year 2021 of the $650.0 million upfront payment received.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Short-Term Investments were $4.5 billion as of December 31, 2022, compared to $6.6 billion as of December 31, 2021.

  • In the fourth quarter of 2022, cash used in operating activities was $318.2 million, primarily due to our net loss of $445.3 million, offset by non-cash charges of $127.3 million; capital expenditures were $121.4 million; and cash used in financing activities was $110.4 million;

    In the fourth quarter of the prior year, cash used in operating activities was $507.8 million, primarily due to our net loss of $590.7 million, offset by non-cash charges of $92.7 million; capital expenditures were $115.0 million; and cash provided by financing activities was $3.4 billion, primarily due to the STAR Market offering in December of 2021; and

  • For the full year 2022, cash used in operating activities was $1.5 billion, primarily due to our net loss of $2.0 billion, inclusive of $223.9 million of other losses due primarily to the strengthening of the U.S. dollar and the related revaluation of foreign currencies held by U.S. functional currency subsidiaries, non-cash charges of $374.8 million and a decrease in our net operating assets and liabilities of $132.4 million.

    For the full year 2021, cash used in operating activities was $1.3 billion, primarily due to our net loss of $1.5 billion and an increase in our net operating assets and liabilities of $118.3 million, partially offset by non-cash charges of $277.4 million; capital expenditures were $262.9 million; and cash provided by financing activities was $3.6 billion, primarily due to the net proceeds from the STAR Market offering in December of 2021.

Recent Business Highlights

Commercial Operations

  • Product sales increased 72.3% and 97.9% in the fourth quarter and full year of 2022, respectively, compared to the prior-year periods, primarily due to increased sales of our internally developed products, as well as increased sales of in-licensed products from Amgen and Bio-Thera;
  • Global sales of BRUKINSA totaled $176.1 million and $564.7 million in the fourth quarter and full year 2022, representing growth of 101% and 159%, respectively, compared to the prior-year periods; U.S. sales of BRUKINSA totaled $125.3 million and $389.7 million in the fourth quarter and full year 2022, respectively, representing growth of 124% and 237%, compared to the prior-year periods. U.S. sales growth continued in the quarter, driven again by increasing uptake in mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (WM), and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL). BRUKINSA sales in China totaled $40.9 million and $150.3 million in the fourth quarter and full year 2022, respectively, representing growth of 33% and 49% compared to the prior-year periods, driven by increases in all approved indications;
  • Sales of tislelizumab in China totaled $102.2 million and $422.9 million in the fourth quarter and full year 2022, respectively, representing growth of 88% and 66% compared to the prior-year periods. Continued increase in new patient demand from broader reimbursement and further expansion of our salesforce and hospital listings continued to drive increased market penetration and market share for tislelizumab;
  • Secured National Reimbursement Drug List (NRDL) inclusion of four additional indications in China, with nine approved tislelizumab indications now included. New indications covered as of March 1, 2023, are for:
    • Certain adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC);
    • Adult patients with advanced unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) solid tumors, and certain patients with advanced colorectal cancer (CRC);
    • Adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who have progressed after or are intolerant of prior first-line standard chemotherapy; and
    • As a first-line treatment for patients with recurrent or metastatic nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC); and
  • KYPROLIS was included in the NRDL for the first time for the treatment of adult patients with R/R multiple myeloma who have received at least two prior therapies, including a proteasome inhibitor and an immunomodulatory agent. XGEVA® was successfully renewed for NRDL inclusion for the treatment of patients with giant cell tumor of the bone (GCTB) that is unresectable or where surgical resection is likely to result in severe morbidity.

Regulatory Progress and Development Programs

BRUKINSA® (zanubrutinib), a small molecule inhibitor of Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) designed to maximize BTK occupancy and minimize off-target effects, approved in more than 65 markets including the U.S., China, European Union (EU), Great Britain, Canada, Australia, South Korea and Switzerland in selected indications and under development for additional approvals globally. The global BRUKINSA development program includes more than 4,800 subjects enrolled to-date in 29 countries and regions.

  • In January 2023, announced U.S. FDA approval for the treatment of adult patients with R/R and first-line CLL/SLL;
  • Announced European Commission (EC) approval for the treatment of adult patients with treatment-naïve (TN) or R/R CLL;
  • Presented results from a final analysis of the Phase 3 ALPINE trial demonstrating superior PFS versus IMBRUVICA® in adult patients with R/R CLL/SLL, as assessed by an independent review committee (IRC) and investigator, as part of a late breaking abstract session at the 64th American Hematology Society (ASH) Annual Meeting, with simultaneous publication in The New England Journal of Medicine;
  • Presented other key data from the BRUKINSA clinical development programs at ASH 2022, including an oral presentation of results from the MAGNOLIA trial in MZL and a poster with updated results in acalabrutinib-intolerant patients with B-cell malignancies;
  • Announced approvals in Brazil for the treatment of adult patients with WM and adult patients with R/R MZL who have received at least one anti-CD20-based regimen;
  • Received marketing authorization by the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) in Great Britain for the treatment of adult patients with CLL, and those with MZL who have received at least one prior anti-CD20-based therapy; and
  • Expanded BRUKINSA’s registration program globally, including 34 launches in 20 markets since January 1, 2022.

Tislelizumab, a humanized IgG4 anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody specifically designed to minimize binding to FcγR on macrophages; approved in China in 10 indications and under development for additional approvals globally. The global tislelizumab clinical development program includes more than 11,800 subjects enrolled to-date in 31 countries and regions.

  • Announced China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) approval of BLA application for tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy as a first-line treatment for patients with locally advanced unresectable or metastatic G/GEJ adenocarcinoma with high PD-L1 expression, which is the tenth approved indication in China for tislelizumab;
  • Announced acceptance by the NMPA of a supplemental biologics license application (sBLA) in patients with first-line unresectable or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC);
  • Filed new drug application for tislelizumab in Brazil seeking marketing authorization for use in first- and second-line NSCLC and second-line esophageal cancer, marking BeiGene’s first application for tislelizumab in Latin America; and
  • Presented results from the RATIONALE-301 (NCT03412773), RATIONALE-305 (NCT03777657) and RATIONALE-306 (NCT03783442) trials at the 2023 ASCO Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium, including positive interim overall survival (OS) data for a combination of tislelizumab and chemotherapy in first-line gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) cancer patients whose tumors express PD-L1.

Ociperlimab (BGB-A1217), an investigational anti-TIGIT monoclonal antibody with competent Fc function. The global ociperlimab development program includes 17 countries and regions, and more than 1,600 subjects have been enrolled.

  • Presented Phase 1 clinical data for checkpoint inhibitor-experienced advanced NSCLC and extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) (NCT04047862) at ESMO-IO 2022.

BGB-11417, an investigational highly selective and highly potent inhibitor of BCL-2, being developed as monotherapy or in combination with zanubrutinib +/- obinutuzumab in B-cell malignancies, in combination with azacytidine in AML and MDS and as monotherapy and in combination with dexamethasone and in combination with carfilzomib in multiple myeloma. The global BGB-11417 development program includes six countries and regions, and more than 350 subjects have been enrolled.

  • Presented Phase 1 clinical data for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, CLL, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and multiple myeloma (MM) (NCT04883957, NCT04277637, NCT04771130, and NCT04973605) at ASH 2022.

BGB-A445, an investigational non-ligand competing OX40 monoclonal antibody, being developed as monotherapy or in combination with tislelizumab.

  • Initiated patient dosing in a Phase 2 basket trial as monotherapy and in combination with tislelizumab in melanoma, renal cell cancer (RCC) and bladder cancer (NCT05661955).

Early-Stage Programs

  • Continued to advance our early-stage clinical pipeline of internally developed product candidates at dose escalation stage, including:
    • BGB-B167: an investigational first-in-class CEA x 4-1BB bispecific antibody, as a monotherapy and in combination with tislelizumab in patients with selected CEA-expressing advanced or metastatic solid tumors, including colorectal cancer (CRC);
    • BGB-A425: an investigational TIM-3 antibody, in combination with tislelizumab in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), NSCLC and RCC;
    • BGB-15025: an investigational, first-in-class hematopoietic progenitor kinase 1 (HPK1) inhibitor as monotherapy or in combination with tislelizumab in solid tumors;
    • BGB-16673: an investigational Chimeric Degradation Activating Compound (CDAC), targeting BTK protein degradation as monotherapy in B cell malignancies;
    • BGB-24714: an investigational Second Mitochondrial-derived Activator of Caspase, or SMAC, mimetic as monotherapy or in combination with paclitaxel in advanced solid tumors;
    • BGB-10188: an investigational PI3Kδ inhibitor as monotherapy or in combination with BRUKINSA in hematology malignancies, or in combination with tislelizumab in solid tumors; and
    • BGB-23339: a potent, allosteric investigational tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) inhibitor.

Collaboration Programs

  • In collaboration with Zymeworks, announced positive topline results for a Phase 2b clinical trial of zanidatamab in advanced or metastatic HER2-amplified biliary tract cancers (NCT04466891); and
  • In collaboration with Mirati, initiated patient enrollment for a Phase 2 clinical trial of sitravatinib in combination with tislelizumab in locally advanced unresectable or metastatic ESCC that progressed on or after anti-PD-(L)1 antibody therapy (NCT05461794).

Manufacturing Operations

  • Construction continues on the U.S. flagship manufacturing and clinical R&D facility at the Princeton West Innovation Campus in Hopewell, N.J. The property has more than one million square feet total of developable real estate, allowing for future expansion;
  • Completed expansion and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) certification of our state-of-the-art biologics facility in Guangzhou, China, bringing total capacity to 54,000 liters with an additional expansion of 10,000 liters expected in the second quarter of 2023; and
  • Continued construction on our new small molecule manufacturing campus in Suzhou, China. Phase 1 of construction is expected to add more than 559,000 square feet and expand production capacity to 600 million tablets/capsules, and to be completed in 2023. Once completed, qualified and approved, the total production capacity is expected to increase our small molecule manufacturing capability in China by up to 10 times current capacity.

Corporate Developments

  • Announced the launch of the Talk About It: Cancer and Mental Health program, designed to elevate the important intersection of mental health and cancer care to help improve health outcomes for cancer patients.

Expected Milestones

BRUKINSA

  • Submit supplemental New Drug Applications (sNDA) in the U.S. and EU in the first half of 2023 for PFS superiority versus IMBRUVICA in R/R CLL/SLL, as demonstrated in the Phase 3 ALPINE trial;
  • Continue to support NMPA review of sNDA for first-line CLL/SLL and WM in China, with a decision expected in the first half of 2023;
  • Continue to support Health Canada and Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) reviews of sNDAs for CLL, with decisions expected in 2023; and
  • Continue to expand BRUKINSA’s registration program globally in new geographies and indications.

Tislelizumab

  • Continue to support NMPA review of BLA applications for tislelizumab in combination with chemotherapy as a first-line treatment in patients with unresectable locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic ESCC, with a decision expected in the first half of 2023; and for tislelizumab as a treatment for first-line hepatocellular carcinoma, with a decision expected in the second half of 2023;
  • Continue to support review by regulatory authorities of BeiGene’s applications for tislelizumab, including:
    • Australia’s TGA review of BLA for tislelizumab in first- and second-line NSCLC and second-line ESCC, with a decision expected in the second half of 2023, as well as New Zealand’s Medsafe review of BLA for tislelizumab in first- and second-line NSCLC and second-line ESCC; and
    • South Korea’s MFDS review of BLA for tislelizumab in second-line ESCC;
  • In collaboration with Novartis, continue to support review of marketing applications, including:
    • Ongoing FDA review of the BLA submission in second-line ESCC, including facilitating the scheduling of required inspections as soon as possible, with a decision expected in 2023;
    • European Medicines Agency (EMA) review of marketing authorization applications for tislelizumab in first- and second-line NSCLC and second-line ESCC, with a decision expected in 2023;
    • MHRA review of tislelizumab for treatment of first- and second-line NSCLC and second-line ESCC in Great Britain;
    • Swissmedic review of marketing authorization applications for tislelizumab in second-line ESCC and second-line NSCLC;
    • Support U.S. FDA regulatory submission by Novartis in 2023 for first-line gastric cancer and first-line unresectable ESCC;
    • Submit BLA to Japan’s Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) in 2023 for first- and second-line ESCC; and
  • Announce final analysis data from pivotal trials in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer and first-line gastric cancer in 2023.

BGB-11417 (BCL-2)

  • Initiate global pivotal trial in first-line CLL in combination with BRUKINSA in the second half of 2023; and
  • Announce readouts from ongoing studies.

Ociperlimab (TIGIT)

  • Announce readouts for multiple Phase 2 studies in 2023, including:
    • For second-line ESCC in patients whose tumors express PD-(L)1 (NCT04732494);
    • For first-line HCC (NCT04948697);
    • For first-line NSCLC (NCT05014815); and
  • Complete enrollment in the Phase 3 AdvanTIG-302 trial in first-line NSCLC in 2023.

BGB-16673 (BTK CDAC)

  • Initial data readouts for Phase 1 studies in B cell malignancies (NCT05006716, NCT05294731) in 2023.

BGB-A445 (OX 40)

  • Initial data readout for Phase 1 study in solid tumors (NCT04215978) in 2023.

BGB-15025 (HPK 1)

  • Initiate dose expansion in combination with tislelizumab in solid tumors (NCT04649385) in 2023.

Collaboration Programs

  • In collaboration with Leads Biolabs, initiate patient dosing of LBL-007, a novel investigational antibody targeting the LAG-3 pathway, in combination with tislelizumab, in umbrella studies comparing different tislelizumab combination regimens, including with BGB-A445 and ociperlimab (NCT05635708, NCT05577702), in 2023.

COVID-19 Impact and Response

We expect that the worldwide health crisis of COVID-19 will continue to have a negative impact on our operations, including commercial sales, regulatory interactions, inspections, filings, manufacturing, and clinical trial recruitment, participation, and data readouts. There remains uncertainty regarding the future impact of the pandemic both globally and specifically in China due to outbreaks and restrictions and potential impact on clinical, manufacturing and commercial operations. We are striving to minimize delays and disruptions, have put protocols and procedures in place, and continue to execute on our commercial, regulatory, manufacturing, and clinical development goals globally.

Financial Summary

Select Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet Data (U.S. GAAP)

(Amounts in thousands of U.S. Dollars)

 

 

 

 

 

As of

 

December 31,

 

December 31,

 

2022

 

2021 1

 

(audited)

 

 

Assets:

 

 

 

Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and short-term investments

$

4,540,288

 

$

6,624,849

Accounts receivable

 

173,168

 

 

483,113

Property and equipment, net

 

845,946

 

 

587,605

Total assets

$

6,379,290

 

$

8,535,525

Liabilities and equity:

 

 

 

Accounts payable

$

294,781

 

$

262,400

Accrued expenses and other payables

 

467,352

 

 

558,055

Deferred revenue

 

255,887

 

 

407,703

R&D cost share liability

 

293,960

 

 

390,362

Debt

 

538,117

 

 

629,678

Total liabilities

 

1,995,935

 

 

2,402,962

Total equity

$

4,383,355

 

$

6,132,563

 

<td class="bwpadl0 bwp

同じカテゴリーの記事 

  • EMS Kegel Trainer BODYDOCTOR Opens New Era of Health Care Solutions in Global Femcare Market
  • EMSケーゲルトレーナー BODYDOCTOR、Femcareのグローバル市場でK-HEALTH CAREに注目が集まる
  • InnoCare Announces Dosing of First Patient in Clinical Study of the Combination of SHP2 Inhibitor ICP-189 and EGFR Inhibitor Furmonertinib
  • METIS第3相臨床試験で主要評価項目を達成、非小細胞肺がんからの脳転移患者における頭蓋内進行までの期間を統計学的に有意に延長
  • Poxel to Report Its 2023 Annual Results by the End of April 2024
  • Condensed Consolidated Statements of Operations (U.S. GAAP)

    (Amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars, except for shares, American Depositary Shares (ADSs), per share and per ADS data)

     

     

    Three Months Ended

    December 31,

     

    Twelve Months Ended

    December 31,

     

    2022

     

    2021 1

     

    2022

     

    2021 1

     

    (unaudited)

     

    (audited)

     

     

    Revenue:

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Product revenue, net

    $

    339,022

     

     

    $

    196,785

     

     

    $

    1,254,612

     

     

    $

    633,987

     

    Collaboration revenue

     

    41,073

     

     

     

    17,194

     

     

     

    161,309

     

     

     

    542,296

     

    Total revenues

     

    380,095

     

     

     

    213,979

     

     

     

    1,415,921

     

     

     

    1,176,283

     

    Expenses:

     

     

     

     

     

     

     

    Cost of sales – products

     

    73,522

     

     

     

    48,545

     

     

     

    286,475

     

     

     

    164,906

     

    Research and development

     

    446,023

     

     

     

    430,485

     

     

     

    1,640,508

     

     

     

    1,459,239

     

    Selling, general and administrative

     

    328,984

     

     

     

    306,501

     

     

     

    1,277,852

     

     

     

    990,123

     

    Amortization of intangible assets

     

    188

     

     

     

    187

     

     

     

    751

     

     

     

    750

     

    Total expenses

     

    848,717

     

     

     

    785,718

     

     

     

    3,205,586

     

     

     

    2,615,018

     

    Loss from operations

     

    (468,622

    )

     

     

    (571,739

    )

     

     

    (1,789,665

    )

     

     

    (1,438,735

    )

    Interest (expense) income, net

     

    18,219

     

     

     

    (4,482

    )

     

     

    52,480

     

     

     

    (15,757

    )

    Other (expense) income, net

     

    19,438

     

     

     

    (10,583

    )

     

     

    (223,852

    )

     

     

    15,904

     

    Loss before income taxes